Safe Haskell | None |
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System.Console.CmdArgs.Implicit
Description
This module provides simple command line argument processing.
The main function of interest is cmdArgs
.
A simple example is:
data Sample = Sample {hello :: String} deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
sample = Sample{hello =def
&=
help
"World argument"&=
opt
"world"}&=
summary
"Sample v1"
main = print =<< cmdArgs
sample
Attributes are used to control a number of behaviours:
- The help message:
help
,typ
,details
,summary
,program
,groupname
- Flag behaviour:
opt
,enum
,verbosity
,ignore
- Flag name assignment:
name
,explicit
- Controlling non-flag arguments:
args
,argPos
- multi-mode programs:
modes
,auto
Supported Types: Each field in the record must be one of the supported
atomic types (String
, Int
, Integer
, Float
, Double
, Bool
, an
enumeration, a tuple of atomic types) or a list ([]
) or Maybe
wrapping
at atomic type.
Missing Fields: If a field is shared by multiple modes, it may be omitted in subsequent modes, and will default to the previous value.
Purity: Values created with annotations are not pure - the first time they are computed they will include the annotations, but subsequently they will not. If you wish to run the above example in a more robust way:
sample = cmdArgsMode
$ Sample{hello = ... -- as before
main = print =<< cmdArgsRun
sample
Even using this scheme, sometimes GHC's optimisations may share values who
have the same annotation. To disable sharing you may need to specify
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-cse #-}
in the module you define the flags.
Pure annotations: Alternatively, you may use pure annotations, which are referentially transparent, but less type safe and more verbose. The initial example may be written as:
sample =
record
Sample{} [hello := def
+=
help
"World argument" +=
opt
"world"]
+=
summary
"Sample v1"
main = print =<< (cmdArgs_ sample :: IO Sample)
All the examples are written using impure annotations. To convert to pure annotations follow the rules:
Ctor {field1 = value1 &= ann1, field2 = value2} &= ann2 ==> record Ctor{} [field1 := value1 += ann1, field2 := value2] += ann2 Ctor (value1 &= ann1) value2 &= ann2 ==> record Ctor{} [atom value1 += ann1, atom value2] += ann2 modes [Ctor1{...}, Ctor2{...}] ==> modes_ [record Ctor1{} [...], record Ctor2{} [...]] Ctor {field1 = enum [X &= ann, Y]} ==> record Ctor{} [enum_ field1 [atom X += ann, atom Y]]
If you are willing to use TemplateHaskell, you can write in the impure syntax, but have your code automatically translated to the pure style. For more details see System.Console.CmdArgs.Quote.
- cmdArgs :: Data a => a -> IO a
- cmdArgsMode :: Data a => a -> Mode (CmdArgs a)
- cmdArgsRun :: Mode (CmdArgs a) -> IO a
- cmdArgs_ :: Data a => Annotate Ann -> IO a
- cmdArgsMode_ :: Data a => Annotate Ann -> Mode (CmdArgs a)
- cmdArgsApply :: CmdArgs a -> IO a
- data CmdArgs a = CmdArgs {
- cmdArgsValue :: a
- cmdArgsHelp :: Maybe String
- cmdArgsVersion :: Maybe String
- cmdArgsVerbosity :: Maybe Verbosity
- cmdArgsPrivate :: CmdArgsPrivate
- opt :: (Show a, Typeable a) => a -> Ann
- typ :: String -> Ann
- typFile :: Ann
- typDir :: Ann
- help :: String -> Ann
- name :: String -> Ann
- args :: Ann
- argPos :: Int -> Ann
- groupname :: String -> Ann
- details :: [String] -> Ann
- summary :: String -> Ann
- auto :: Ann
- program :: String -> Ann
- explicit :: Ann
- ignore :: Ann
- verbosity :: Ann
- helpArg :: [Ann] -> Ann
- versionArg :: [Ann] -> Ann
- verbosityArgs :: [Ann] -> [Ann] -> Ann
- noAtExpand :: Ann
- (&=) :: Data val => val -> Ann -> val
- modes :: Data val => [val] -> val
- enum :: Data val => [val] -> val
- (+=) :: Annotate ann -> ann -> Annotate ann
- record :: Data a => a -> [Annotate ann] -> Annotate ann
- atom :: Data val => val -> Annotate ann
- data Annotate ann = forall c f . (Data c, Data f) => (c -> f) := f
- enum_ :: (Data c, Data f) => (c -> f) -> [Annotate Ann] -> Annotate Ann
- modes_ :: [Annotate Ann] -> Annotate Ann
- module System.Console.CmdArgs.Verbosity
- module System.Console.CmdArgs.Default
- data Ann
- data Mode a
- class Typeable a => Data a
- class Typeable a
Running command lines
cmdArgs :: Data a => a -> IO a
Take impurely annotated records and run the corresponding command line.
Shortcut for
.
cmdArgsRun
. cmdArgsMode
To use cmdArgs
with custom command line arguments see
withArgs
.
cmdArgsMode :: Data a => a -> Mode (CmdArgs a)
Take impurely annotated records and turn them in to a Mode
value, that can
make use of the System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit functions (i.e. process
).
Annotated records are impure, and will only contain annotations on their first use. The result of this function is pure, and can be reused.
cmdArgsRun :: Mode (CmdArgs a) -> IO a
Run a Mode structure. This function reads the command line arguments and then performs as follows:
- If invalid arguments are given, it will display the error message and exit.
- If
--help
is given, it will display the help message and exit. - If
--version
is given, it will display the version and exit. - In all other circumstances the program will return a value.
- Additionally, if either
--quiet
or--verbose
is given (seeverbosity
) it will set the verbosity (seesetVerbosity
).
cmdArgs_ :: Data a => Annotate Ann -> IO a
Take purely annotated records and run the corresponding command line.
Shortcut for
.
cmdArgsRun
. cmdArgsMode_
To use cmdArgs_
with custom command line arguments see
withArgs
.
cmdArgsMode_ :: Data a => Annotate Ann -> Mode (CmdArgs a)
Take purely annotated records and turn them in to a Mode
value, that can
make use of the System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit functions (i.e. process
).
cmdArgsApply :: CmdArgs a -> IO a
Perform the necessary actions dictated by a CmdArgs
structure.
- If
cmdArgsHelp
isJust
, it will display the help message and exit. - If
cmdArgsVersion
isJust
, it will display the version and exit. - In all other circumstances it will return a value.
- Additionally, if
cmdArgsVerbosity
isJust
(seeverbosity
) it will set the verbosity (seesetVerbosity
).
data CmdArgs a
A structure to store the additional data relating to --help
,
--version
, --quiet
and --verbose
.
Constructors
CmdArgs | |
Fields
|
Constructing command lines
Attributes can work on a flag (inside a field), on a mode (outside the record),
or on all modes (outside the modes
call).
opt :: (Show a, Typeable a) => a -> Ann
Flag: "I want users to be able to omit the value associated with this flag."
Make the value of a flag optional. If --flag
is given, it will
be treated as --flag=this_argument
.
{hello = def &= opt "foo"} -h --hello[=VALUE] (default=foo)
Note that all flags in CmdArgs are optional, and if omitted will use their default value.
Those annotated with opt
also allow the flag to be present without an associated value.
As an example:
{hello = "DEFAULT" &= opt "OPTIONAL"}
$ main {hello = "DEFAULT"} $ main --hello {hello = "OPTIONAL"} $ main --hello=VALUE {hello = "VALUE"}
Flag/Mode: "The help message is ..."
Descriptive text used in the help output.
{hello = def &= help "Help message"} -h --hello=VALUE Help message
Flag: "Use this flag name for this field."
Add flags which trigger this option.
{hello = def &= name "foo"} -h --hello --foo=VALUE
Flag: "Put the nth non-flag argument here."
This field should be used to store a particular argument position (0-based).
{hello = def &= argPos 0}
Flag/Mode: "Give these flags/modes a group name in the help output."
This mode will be used for all following modes/flags, until the
next groupname
.
{hello = def &= groupname "Welcomes"} Welcomes -h --hello=VALUE
Mode: "A longer description of this mode is ..."
Suffix to be added to the help message.
Sample{..} &= details ["More details on the website www.example.org"]
Modes: "My program name/version/copyright is ..."
One line summary of the entire program, the first line of
--help
and the only line of --version
. If the string contains a
version number component will also provide --numeric-version
.
Sample{..} &= summary "CmdArgs v0.0, (C) Neil Mitchell 1981"
Mode: "If the user doesn't give a mode, use this one."
This mode is the default. If no mode is specified and a mode has this attribute then that mode is selected, otherwise an error is raised.
modes [Mode1{..}, Mode2{..} &= auto, Mode3{..}]
Modes: "My program executable is named ..."
This is the name of the program executable. Only used in the help message. Defaults to the type of the mode.
Sample{..} &= program "sample"
Flag: "Don't guess any names for this field."
A field should not have any flag names guessed for it.
All flag names must be specified by flag
.
{hello = def &= explicit &= name "foo"} --foo=VALUE
Flag/Mode: "Ignore this field, don't let the user set it."
A mode or field is not dealt with by CmdArgs.
{hello = def, extra = def &= ignore} --hello=VALUE
versionArg :: [Ann] -> Ann
verbosityArgs :: [Ann] -> [Ann] -> Ann
noAtExpand :: Ann
Program: "Turn off @ expansion."
Usually arguments starting with @ are treated as a file containing a set of arguments. This annotation turns off that behaviour.
Sample{..} &= noAtExpand
Impure
(&=) :: Data val => val -> Ann -> val
Add an annotation to a value. Note that if the value is evaluated more than once the annotation will only be available the first time.
modes :: Data val => [val] -> val
Modes: "I want a program with multiple modes, like darcs or cabal."
Takes a list of modes, and creates a mode which includes them all.
If you want one of the modes to be chosen by default, see auto
.
data Modes = Mode1 | Mode2 | Mode3 deriving Data cmdArgs $ modes [Mode1,Mode2,Mode3]
enum :: Data val => [val] -> val
Flag: "I want several different flags to set this one field to different values."
This annotation takes a type which is an enumeration, and provides multiple separate flags to set the field to each value. The first element in the list is used as the value of the field.
data State = On | Off deriving Data data Mode = Mode {state :: State} cmdArgs $ Mode {state = enum [On &= help "Turn on",Off &= help "Turn off"]} --on Turn on --off Turn off
This annotation can be used to allow multiple flags within a field:
data Mode = Mode {state :: [State]} cmdArgs $ Mode {state = enum [[] &= ignore, [On] &= help "Turn on", [Off] &= help "Turn off"]}
Now --on --off
would produce Mode [On,Off]
.
Pure
record :: Data a => a -> [Annotate ann] -> Annotate ann
Create a constructor/record. The first argument should be
the type of field, the second should be a list of fields constructed
originally defined by :=
or :=+
.
This operation is not type safe, and may raise an exception at runtime if any field has the wrong type or label.
data Annotate ann
This type represents an annotated value. The type of the underlying value is not specified.
Instances
Typeable1 Annotate |
enum_ :: (Data c, Data f) => (c -> f) -> [Annotate Ann] -> Annotate Ann
Like enum
, but using the pure annotations.
Re-exported for convenience
Provides a few opaque types (for writing type signatures),
verbosity control, default values with def
and the
Data
/Typeable
type classes.
data Ann
The general type of annotations that can be associated with a value.
data Mode a
A mode. Do not use the Mode
constructor directly, instead
use mode
to construct the Mode
and then record updates.
Each mode has three main features:
- A list of submodes (
modeGroupModes
) - A list of flags (
modeGroupFlags
) - Optionally an unnamed argument (
modeArgs
)
To produce the help information for a mode, either use helpText
or show
.
Instances
Data Bool | |
Data Char | |
Data Double | |
Data Float | |
Data Int | |
Data Int8 | |
Data Int16 | |
Data Int32 | |
Data Int64 | |
Data Integer | |
Data Ordering | |
Data Word | |
Data Word8 | |
Data Word16 | |
Data Word32 | |
Data Word64 | |
Data Exp | |
Data Match | |
Data Clause | |
Data Pat | |
Data Type | |
Data Dec | |
Data Name | |
Data FunDep | |
Data Pred | |
Data TyVarBndr | |
Data () | |
Data Ann | |
Data Verbosity | |
Data TyLit | |
Data Strict | |
Data Stmt | |
Data Safety | |
Data RuleMatch | |
Data RuleBndr | |
Data Range | |
Data Pragma | |
Data Phases | |
Data NameSpace | |
Data Lit | |
Data Inline | |
Data Info | |
Data Guard | |
Data Foreign | |
Data FixityDirection | |
Data Fixity | |
Data FamFlavour | |
Data Con | |
Data Callconv | |
Data Body | |
Data NameFlavour | |
Data OccName | |
Data PkgName | |
Data ModName | |
Data a => Data [a] | |
(Data a, Integral a) => Data (Ratio a) | |
Typeable a => Data (Ptr a) | |
Data a => Data (Maybe a) | |
Typeable a => Data (ForeignPtr a) | |
Data a => Data (CmdArgs a) | |
(Data a, Data b) => Data (Either a b) | |
(Data a, Data b) => Data (a, b) | |
(Typeable a, Data b, Ix a) => Data (Array a b) | |
(Data a, Data b, Data c) => Data (a, b, c) | |
(Data a, Data b, Data c, Data d) => Data (a, b, c, d) | |
(Data a, Data b, Data c, Data d, Data e) => Data (a, b, c, d, e) | |
(Data a, Data b, Data c, Data d, Data e, Data f) => Data (a, b, c, d, e, f) | |
(Data a, Data b, Data c, Data d, Data e, Data f, Data g) => Data (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) |
class Typeable a
Instances
Typeable Bool | |
Typeable Char | |
Typeable Double | |
Typeable Float | |
Typeable Int | |
Typeable Int8 | |
Typeable Int16 | |
Typeable Int32 | |
Typeable Int64 | |
Typeable Integer | |
Typeable Ordering | |
Typeable RealWorld | |
Typeable Word | |
Typeable Word8 | |
Typeable Word16 | |
Typeable Word32 | |
Typeable Word64 | |
Typeable Exp | |
Typeable Match | |
Typeable Clause | |
Typeable Pat | |
Typeable Type | |
Typeable Dec | |
Typeable Name | |
Typeable FunDep | |
Typeable Pred | |
Typeable TyVarBndr | |
Typeable () | |
Typeable TypeRep | |
Typeable TyCon | |
Typeable Ann | |
Typeable Verbosity | |
Typeable SomeException | |
Typeable CInt | |
Typeable Handle__ | |
Typeable Handle | |
Typeable IOException | |
Typeable CSize | |
Typeable ErrorCall | |
Typeable ArithException | |
Typeable ExitCode | |
Typeable Deadlock | |
Typeable BlockedIndefinitelyOnSTM | |
Typeable BlockedIndefinitelyOnMVar | |
Typeable AsyncException | |
Typeable AssertionFailed | |
Typeable ArrayException | |
Typeable CLong | |
Typeable RecUpdError | |
Typeable RecSelError | |
Typeable RecConError | |
Typeable PatternMatchFail | |
Typeable NonTermination | |
Typeable NoMethodError | |
Typeable NestedAtomically | |
Typeable CChar | |
Typeable CWchar | |
Typeable CUShort | |
Typeable CUSeconds | |
Typeable CULong | |
Typeable CULLong | |
Typeable CUIntPtr | |
Typeable CUIntMax | |
Typeable CUInt | |
Typeable CUChar | |
Typeable CTime | |
Typeable CSigAtomic | |
Typeable CShort | |
Typeable CSUSeconds | |
Typeable CSChar | |
Typeable CPtrdiff | |
Typeable CLLong | |
Typeable CIntPtr | |
Typeable CIntMax | |
Typeable CFloat | |
Typeable CDouble | |
Typeable CClock | |
Typeable TyLit | |
Typeable Strict | |
Typeable Stmt | |
Typeable Safety | |
Typeable RuleMatch | |
Typeable RuleBndr | |
Typeable Range | |
Typeable Pragma | |
Typeable Phases | |
Typeable NameSpace | |
Typeable Lit | |
Typeable Inline | |
Typeable Info | |
Typeable Guard | |
Typeable Foreign | |
Typeable FixityDirection | |
Typeable Fixity | |
Typeable FamFlavour | |
Typeable Con | |
Typeable Callconv | |
Typeable Body | |
Typeable NameFlavour | |
Typeable OccName | |
Typeable PkgName | |
Typeable ModName | |
(Typeable1 s, Typeable a) => Typeable (s a) |