A File is an abstraction of any file object accessible by the program and is closely associated with class IO File includes the methods of module FileTest as class methods, allowing you to write (for example) File.exist?("foo").
In the description of File methods, permission bits are a platform-specific set of bits that indicate permissions of a file. On Unix-based systems, permissions are viewed as a set of three octets, for the owner, the group, and the rest of the world. For each of these entities, permissions may be set to read, write, or execute the file:
The permission bits 0644 (in octal) would thus be interpreted as read/write for owner, and read-only for group and other. Higher-order bits may also be used to indicate the type of file (plain, directory, pipe, socket, and so on) and various other special features. If the permissions are for a directory, the meaning of the execute bit changes; when set the directory can be searched.
On non-Posix operating systems, there may be only the ability to make a file read-only or read-write. In this case, the remaining permission bits will be synthesized to resemble typical values. For instance, on Windows NT the default permission bits are 0644, which means read/write for owner, read-only for all others. The only change that can be made is to make the file read-only, which is reported as 0444.
Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are referenced from the current working directory of the process unless dir_string is given, in which case it will be used as the starting point. If the given pathname starts with a “~” it is NOT expanded, it is treated as a normal directory name.
File.absolute_path("~oracle/bin") #=> "<relative_path>/~oracle/bin"
VALUE
rb_file_s_absolute_path(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE fname, dname;
if (argc == 1) {
return rb_file_absolute_path(argv[0], Qnil);
}
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &dname);
return rb_file_absolute_path(fname, dname);
}
Returns the last access time for the named file as a Time object).
File.atime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003
static VALUE
rb_file_s_atime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
FilePathValue(fname);
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return stat_atime(&st);
}
Returns the last component of the filename given in file_name, which must be formed using forward slashes (“/”) regardless of the separator used on the local file system. If suffix is given and present at the end of file_name, it is removed.
File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "ruby.rb" File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".rb") #=> "ruby"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_basename(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE fname, fext, basename;
const char *name, *p;
long f, n;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &fext) == 2) {
rb_encoding *enc;
StringValue(fext);
if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc = rb_enc_get(fext))) {
rb_raise(rb_eEncCompatError, "ascii incompatible character encodings: %s",
rb_enc_name(enc));
}
}
FilePathStringValue(fname);
if (!NIL_P(fext)) rb_enc_check(fname, fext);
if (RSTRING_LEN(fname) == 0 || !*(name = RSTRING_PTR(fname)))
return rb_str_new_shared(fname);
p = ruby_find_basename(name, &f, &n);
if (n >= 0) {
if (NIL_P(fext) || !(f = rmext(p, n, StringValueCStr(fext)))) {
f = n;
}
if (f == RSTRING_LEN(fname)) return rb_str_new_shared(fname);
}
basename = rb_str_new(p, f);
rb_enc_copy(basename, fname);
OBJ_INFECT(basename, fname);
return basename;
}
Returns true if the named file is a block device.
static VALUE
rb_file_blockdev_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISBLK
# ifdef S_IFBLK
# define S_ISBLK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)
# else
# define S_ISBLK(m) (0) /* anytime false */
# endif
#endif
#ifdef S_ISBLK
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
#endif
return Qfalse;
}
Returns true if the named file is a character device.
static VALUE
rb_file_chardev_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISCHR
# define S_ISCHR(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
#endif
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
Changes permission bits on the named file(s) to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are operating system dependent (see the beginning of this section). On Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chmod(0644, "testfile", "out") #=> 2
static VALUE
rb_file_s_chmod(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE vmode;
VALUE rest;
int mode;
long n;
rb_secure(2);
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &vmode, &rest);
mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
n = apply2files(chmod_internal, rest, &mode);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
Changes the owner and group of the named file(s) to the given numeric owner and group id’s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file’s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chown(nil, 100, "testfile")
static VALUE
rb_file_s_chown(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE o, g, rest;
struct chown_args arg;
long n;
rb_secure(2);
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &o, &g, &rest);
if (NIL_P(o)) {
arg.owner = -1;
}
else {
arg.owner = NUM2UIDT(o);
}
if (NIL_P(g)) {
arg.group = -1;
}
else {
arg.group = NUM2GIDT(g);
}
n = apply2files(chown_internal, rest, &arg);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
Returns the change time for the named file (the time at which directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
File.ctime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003
static VALUE
rb_file_s_ctime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
FilePathValue(fname);
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return stat_ctime(&st);
}
Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_unlink(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
{
long n;
rb_secure(2);
n = apply2files(unlink_internal, args, 0);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
Returns true if the named file is a directory, or a symlink that points at a directory, and false otherwise.
File.directory?(".")
VALUE
rb_file_directory_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISDIR
# define S_ISDIR(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
Returns all components of the filename given in file_name except the last one. The filename must be formed using forward slashes (“/”) regardless of the separator used on the local file system.
File.dirname("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "/home/gumby/work"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_dirname(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
return rb_file_dirname(fname);
}
Returns true if the named file is executable by the effective user id of this process.
static VALUE
rb_file_executable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), X_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Returns true if the named file is executable by the real user id of this process.
static VALUE
rb_file_executable_real_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (access_internal(StringValueCStr(fname), X_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Returns true if the named file is a directory, false otherwise.
static VALUE
rb_file_exist_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Return true if the named file exists.
static VALUE
rb_file_exist_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are referenced from the current working directory of the process unless dir_string is given, in which case it will be used as the starting point. The given pathname may start with a “~”, which expands to the process owner’s home directory (the environment variable HOME must be set correctly). “~user” expands to the named user’s home directory.
File.expand_path("~oracle/bin") #=> "/home/oracle/bin" File.expand_path("../../bin", "/tmp/x") #=> "/bin"
VALUE
rb_file_s_expand_path(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE fname, dname;
if (argc == 1) {
return rb_file_expand_path(argv[0], Qnil);
}
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &dname);
return rb_file_expand_path(fname, dname);
}
Returns the extension (the portion of file name in path after the period).
File.extname("test.rb") #=> ".rb" File.extname("a/b/d/test.rb") #=> ".rb" File.extname("test") #=> "" File.extname(".profile") #=> ""
static VALUE
rb_file_s_extname(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
const char *name, *e;
long len;
VALUE extname;
FilePathStringValue(fname);
name = StringValueCStr(fname);
e = ruby_find_extname(name, &len);
if (len <= 1)
return rb_str_new(0, 0);
extname = rb_str_new(e, len); /* keep the dot, too! */
rb_enc_copy(extname, fname);
OBJ_INFECT(extname, fname);
return extname;
}
Returns true if the named file exists and is a regular file.
static VALUE
rb_file_file_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
Returns true if path matches against pattern The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
* |
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. |
** |
Matches directories recursively or files expansively. |
? |
Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. |
[set] |
Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]). |
<code></code> |
Escapes the next metacharacter. |
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_xxx parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true pattern = '*' '/' '*' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
static VALUE
file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE pattern, path;
VALUE rflags;
int flags;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3)
flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
else
flags = 0;
StringValue(pattern);
FilePathStringValue(path);
if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), rb_enc_get(pattern), RSTRING_PTR(path),
flags) == 0)
return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
Returns true if path matches against pattern The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
* |
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. |
** |
Matches directories recursively or files expansively. |
? |
Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. |
[set] |
Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]). |
<code></code> |
Escapes the next metacharacter. |
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_xxx parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true pattern = '*' '/' '*' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
static VALUE
file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE pattern, path;
VALUE rflags;
int flags;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3)
flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
else
flags = 0;
StringValue(pattern);
FilePathStringValue(path);
if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), rb_enc_get(pattern), RSTRING_PTR(path),
flags) == 0)
return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
Identifies the type of the named file; the return string is one of “file”, “directory”, “characterSpecial”, “blockSpecial”, “fifo”, “link”, “socket”, or “unknown”.
File.ftype("testfile") #=> "file" File.ftype("/dev/tty") #=> "characterSpecial" File.ftype("/tmp/.X11-unix/X0") #=> "socket"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_ftype(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return rb_file_ftype(&st);
}
Returns true if the named file exists and the effective group id of the calling process is the owner of the file. Returns false on Windows.
static VALUE
rb_file_grpowned_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (rb_group_member(st.st_gid)) return Qtrue;
#endif
return Qfalse;
}
Returns true if the named files are identical.
open("a", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "a") #=> true p File.identical?("a", "./a") #=> true File.link("a", "b") p File.identical?("a", "b") #=> true File.symlink("a", "c") p File.identical?("a", "c") #=> true open("d", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "d") #=> false
static VALUE
rb_file_identical_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname1, VALUE fname2)
{
#ifndef DOSISH
struct stat st1, st2;
if (rb_stat(fname1, &st1) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (rb_stat(fname2, &st2) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (st1.st_dev != st2.st_dev) return Qfalse;
if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino) return Qfalse;
#else
# ifdef _WIN32
BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION st1, st2;
HANDLE f1 = 0, f2 = 0;
# endif
rb_secure(2);
# ifdef _WIN32
f1 = w32_io_info(&fname1, &st1);
if (f1 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return Qfalse;
f2 = w32_io_info(&fname2, &st2);
if (f1) CloseHandle(f1);
if (f2 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return Qfalse;
if (f2) CloseHandle(f2);
if (st1.dwVolumeSerialNumber == st2.dwVolumeSerialNumber &&
st1.nFileIndexHigh == st2.nFileIndexHigh &&
st1.nFileIndexLow == st2.nFileIndexLow)
return Qtrue;
if (!f1 || !f2) return Qfalse;
if (rb_w32_iswin95()) return Qfalse;
# else
FilePathValue(fname1);
fname1 = rb_str_new4(fname1);
fname1 = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname1);
FilePathValue(fname2);
fname2 = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname2);
if (access(RSTRING_PTR(fname1), 0)) return Qfalse;
if (access(RSTRING_PTR(fname2), 0)) return Qfalse;
# endif
fname1 = rb_file_expand_path(fname1, Qnil);
fname2 = rb_file_expand_path(fname2, Qnil);
if (RSTRING_LEN(fname1) != RSTRING_LEN(fname2)) return Qfalse;
if (rb_memcicmp(RSTRING_PTR(fname1), RSTRING_PTR(fname2), RSTRING_LEN(fname1)))
return Qfalse;
#endif
return Qtrue;
}
Returns a new string formed by joining the strings using File::SEPARATOR.
File.join("usr", "mail", "gumby") #=> "usr/mail/gumby"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_join(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
{
return rb_file_join(args, separator);
}
Equivalent to File::chmod, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_lchmod(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE vmode;
VALUE rest;
long mode, n;
rb_secure(2);
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &vmode, &rest);
mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
n = apply2files(lchmod_internal, rest, (void *)(long)mode);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
Equivalent to File::chown, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the owner associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available. Returns number of files in the argument list.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_lchown(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE o, g, rest;
struct chown_args arg;
long n;
rb_secure(2);
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &o, &g, &rest);
if (NIL_P(o)) {
arg.owner = -1;
}
else {
arg.owner = NUM2UIDT(o);
}
if (NIL_P(g)) {
arg.group = -1;
}
else {
arg.group = NUM2GIDT(g);
}
n = apply2files(lchown_internal, rest, &arg);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
Creates a new name for an existing file using a hard link. Will not overwrite new_name if it already exists (raising a subclass of SystemCallError). Not available on all platforms.
File.link("testfile", ".testfile") #=> 0 IO.readlines(".testfile")[0] #=> "This is line one\n"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_link(VALUE klass, VALUE from, VALUE to)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(from);
FilePathValue(to);
from = rb_str_encode_ospath(from);
to = rb_str_encode_ospath(to);
if (link(StringValueCStr(from), StringValueCStr(to)) < 0) {
sys_fail2(from, to);
}
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Same as File::stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66 File.lstat("link2test").size #=> 8 File.stat("link2test").size #=> 66
static VALUE
rb_file_s_lstat(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
struct stat st;
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return stat_new(&st);
#else
return rb_file_s_stat(klass, fname);
#endif
}
Returns the modification time for the named file as a Time object.
File.mtime("testfile") #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003
static VALUE
rb_file_s_mtime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
FilePathValue(fname);
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return stat_mtime(&st);
}
Opens the file named by filename according to mode (default is “r”) and returns a new File object.
See the description of class IO for a description of mode. The file mode may optionally be specified as a Fixnum by or-ing together the flags (O_RDONLY etc, again described under IO).
Optional permission bits may be given in perm. These mode and permission bits are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see open(2) for details.
Optional opt parameter is same as in <code.IO.open</code>.
f = File.new("testfile", "r") f = File.new("newfile", "w+") f = File.new("newfile", File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::RDWR, 0644)
static VALUE
rb_file_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
if (RFILE(io)->fptr) {
rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "reinitializing File");
}
if (0 < argc && argc < 3) {
VALUE fd = rb_check_convert_type(argv[0], T_FIXNUM, "Fixnum", "to_int");
if (!NIL_P(fd)) {
argv[0] = fd;
return rb_io_initialize(argc, argv, io);
}
}
rb_open_file(argc, argv, io);
return io;
}
With no associated block, open is a synonym for File.new. If the optional code block is given, it will be passed file as an argument, and the File object will automatically be closed when the block terminates. In this instance, File.open returns the value of the block.
static VALUE
rb_io_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
VALUE io = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
return rb_ensure(rb_yield, io, io_close, io);
}
return io;
}
Returns true if the named file exists and the effective used id of the calling process is the owner of the file.
static VALUE
rb_file_owned_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (st.st_uid == geteuid()) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
Returns the string representation of the path
File.path("/dev/null") #=> "/dev/null" File.path(Pathname.new("/tmp")) #=> "/tmp"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_path(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
return rb_get_path(fname);
}
Returns true if the named file is a pipe.
static VALUE
rb_file_pipe_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_IFIFO
# ifndef S_ISFIFO
# define S_ISFIFO(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)
# endif
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
#endif
return Qfalse;
}
Returns true if the named file is readable by the effective user id of this process.
static VALUE
rb_file_readable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), R_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Returns true if the named file is readable by the real user id of this process.
static VALUE
rb_file_readable_real_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (access_internal(StringValueCStr(fname), R_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Returns the name of the file referenced by the given link. Not available on all platforms.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 File.readlink("link2test") #=> "testfile"
static VALUE
rb_file_s_readlink(VALUE klass, VALUE path)
{
char *buf;
int size = 100;
ssize_t rv;
VALUE v;
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(path);
path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
buf = xmalloc(size);
while ((rv = readlink(RSTRING_PTR(path), buf, size)) == size
#ifdef _AIX
|| (rv < 0 && errno == ERANGE) /* quirky behavior of GPFS */
#endif
) {
size *= 2;
buf = xrealloc(buf, size);
}
if (rv < 0) {
xfree(buf);
rb_sys_fail_path(path);
}
v = rb_filesystem_str_new(buf, rv);
xfree(buf);
return v;
}
Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem. The real pathname doesn’t contain symlinks or useless dots.
If dir_string is given, it is used as a base directory for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.
The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_realdirpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
VALUE path, basedir;
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &basedir);
return rb_realpath_internal(basedir, path, 0);
}
Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem not containing symlinks or useless dots.
If dir_string is given, it is used as a base directory for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.
All components of the pathname must exist when this method is called.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_realpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
VALUE path, basedir;
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &basedir);
return rb_realpath_internal(basedir, path, 1);
}
Renames the given file to the new name. Raises a SystemCallError if the file cannot be renamed.
File.rename("afile", "afile.bak") #=> 0
static VALUE
rb_file_s_rename(VALUE klass, VALUE from, VALUE to)
{
const char *src, *dst;
VALUE f, t;
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(from);
FilePathValue(to);
f = rb_str_encode_ospath(from);
t = rb_str_encode_ospath(to);
src = StringValueCStr(f);
dst = StringValueCStr(t);
#if defined __CYGWIN__
errno = 0;
#endif
if (rename(src, dst) < 0) {
#if defined DOSISH
switch (errno) {
case EEXIST:
#if defined (__EMX__)
case EACCES:
#endif
if (chmod(dst, 0666) == 0 &&
unlink(dst) == 0 &&
rename(src, dst) == 0)
return INT2FIX(0);
}
#endif
sys_fail2(from, to);
}
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Returns true if the named file has the setgid bit set.
static VALUE
rb_file_sgid_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_ISGID
return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISGID);
#else
return Qfalse;
#endif
}
Returns true if the named file has the setuid bit set.
static VALUE
rb_file_suid_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_ISUID
return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISUID);
#else
return Qfalse;
#endif
}
Returns the size of file_name.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_size(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
FilePathValue(fname);
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size);
}
Returns nil if file_name doesn’t exist or has zero size, the size of the file otherwise.
static VALUE
rb_file_size_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil;
if (st.st_size == 0) return Qnil;
return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size);
}
Returns true if the named file is a socket.
static VALUE
rb_file_socket_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISSOCK
# ifdef _S_ISSOCK
# define S_ISSOCK(m) _S_ISSOCK(m)
# else
# ifdef _S_IFSOCK
# define S_ISSOCK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == _S_IFSOCK)
# else
# ifdef S_IFSOCK
# define S_ISSOCK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)
# endif
# endif
# endif
#endif
#ifdef S_ISSOCK
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
#endif
return Qfalse;
}
Splits the given string into a directory and a file component and returns them in a two-element array. See also File::dirname and File::basename.
File.split("/home/gumby/.profile") #=> ["/home/gumby", ".profile"]
static VALUE
rb_file_s_split(VALUE klass, VALUE path)
{
FilePathStringValue(path); /* get rid of converting twice */
return rb_assoc_new(rb_file_s_dirname(Qnil, path), rb_file_s_basename(1,&path));
}
Returns a File::Stat object for the named file (see File::Stat).
File.stat("testfile").mtime #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003
static VALUE
rb_file_s_stat(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
struct stat st;
rb_secure(4);
FilePathValue(fname);
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(fname));
}
return stat_new(&st);
}
Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.
static VALUE
rb_file_sticky_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_ISVTX
return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISVTX);
#else
return Qnil;
#endif
}
Creates a symbolic link called new_name for the existing file old_name. Raises a NotImplemented exception on platforms that do not support symbolic links.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0
static VALUE
rb_file_s_symlink(VALUE klass, VALUE from, VALUE to)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(from);
FilePathValue(to);
from = rb_str_encode_ospath(from);
to = rb_str_encode_ospath(to);
if (symlink(StringValueCStr(from), StringValueCStr(to)) < 0) {
sys_fail2(from, to);
}
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Returns true if the named file is a symbolic link.
static VALUE
rb_file_symlink_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISLNK
# ifdef _S_ISLNK
# define S_ISLNK(m) _S_ISLNK(m)
# else
# ifdef _S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == _S_IFLNK)
# else
# ifdef S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
# endif
# endif
# endif
#endif
#ifdef S_ISLNK
struct stat st;
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
#endif
return Qfalse;
}
Truncates the file file_name to be at most integer bytes long. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w") f.write("1234567890") #=> 10 f.close #=> nil File.truncate("out", 5) #=> 0 File.size("out") #=> 5
static VALUE
rb_file_s_truncate(VALUE klass, VALUE path, VALUE len)
{
off_t pos;
rb_secure(2);
pos = NUM2OFFT(len);
FilePathValue(path);
path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
#ifdef HAVE_TRUNCATE
if (truncate(StringValueCStr(path), pos) < 0)
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(path));
#else /* defined(HAVE_CHSIZE) */
{
int tmpfd;
if ((tmpfd = open(StringValueCStr(path), 0)) < 0) {
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(path));
}
if (chsize(tmpfd, pos) < 0) {
close(tmpfd);
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(path));
}
close(tmpfd);
}
#endif
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Returns the current umask value for this process. If the optional argument is given, set the umask to that value and return the previous value. Umask values are subtracted from the default permissions, so a umask of 0222 would make a file read-only for everyone.
File.umask(0006) #=> 18 File.umask #=> 6
static VALUE
rb_file_s_umask(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
int omask = 0;
rb_secure(2);
if (argc == 0) {
omask = umask(0);
umask(omask);
}
else if (argc == 1) {
omask = umask(NUM2INT(argv[0]));
}
else {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0..1)", argc);
}
return INT2FIX(omask);
}
Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_unlink(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
{
long n;
rb_secure(2);
n = apply2files(unlink_internal, args, 0);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
Sets the access and modification times of each named file to the first two arguments. Returns the number of file names in the argument list.
static VALUE
rb_file_s_utime(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
VALUE rest;
struct utime_args args;
struct timespec tss[2], *tsp = NULL;
long n;
rb_secure(2);
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &args.atime, &args.mtime, &rest);
if (!NIL_P(args.atime) || !NIL_P(args.mtime)) {
tsp = tss;
tsp[0] = rb_time_timespec(args.atime);
tsp[1] = rb_time_timespec(args.mtime);
}
args.tsp = tsp;
n = apply2files(utime_internal, rest, &args);
return LONG2FIX(n);
}
If file_name is readable by others, returns an integer representing the file permission bits of file_name. Returns nil otherwise. The meaning of the bits is platform dependent; on Unix systems, see stat(2).
File.world_readable?("/etc/passwd") #=> 420 m = File.world_readable?("/etc/passwd") sprintf("%o", m) #=> "644"
static VALUE
rb_file_world_readable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_IROTH
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil;
if ((st.st_mode & (S_IROTH)) == S_IROTH) {
return UINT2NUM(st.st_mode & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
}
#endif
return Qnil;
}
If file_name is writable by others, returns an integer representing the file permission bits of file_name. Returns nil otherwise. The meaning of the bits is platform dependent; on Unix systems, see stat(2).
File.world_writable?("/tmp") #=> 511 m = File.world_writable?("/tmp") sprintf("%o", m) #=> "777"
static VALUE
rb_file_world_writable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_IWOTH
struct stat st;
if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil;
if ((st.st_mode & (S_IWOTH)) == S_IWOTH) {
return UINT2NUM(st.st_mode & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
}
#endif
return Qnil;
}
Returns true if the named file is writable by the effective user id of this process.
static VALUE
rb_file_writable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), W_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Returns true if the named file is writable by the real user id of this process.
static VALUE
rb_file_writable_real_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(fname);
fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
if (access_internal(StringValueCStr(fname), W_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
return Qtrue;
}
Returns the last access time (a Time object)
for <i>file</i>, or epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed. File.new("testfile").atime #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
static VALUE
rb_file_atime(VALUE obj)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
struct stat st;
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
}
return stat_atime(&st);
}
Changes permission bits on file to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Follows symbolic links. Also see File#lchmod.
f = File.new("out", "w"); f.chmod(0644) #=> 0
static VALUE
rb_file_chmod(VALUE obj, VALUE vmode)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
int mode;
#ifndef HAVE_FCHMOD
VALUE path;
#endif
rb_secure(2);
mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
#ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
if (fchmod(fptr->fd, mode) == -1)
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#else
if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
if (chmod(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#endif
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Changes the owner and group of file to the given numeric owner and group id’s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file’s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Follows symbolic links. See also File#lchown.
File.new("testfile").chown(502, 1000)
static VALUE
rb_file_chown(VALUE obj, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
int o, g;
#ifndef HAVE_FCHOWN
VALUE path;
#endif
rb_secure(2);
o = NIL_P(owner) ? -1 : NUM2INT(owner);
g = NIL_P(group) ? -1 : NUM2INT(group);
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
#ifndef HAVE_FCHOWN
if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
if (chown(RSTRING_PTR(path), o, g) == -1)
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#else
if (fchown(fptr->fd, o, g) == -1)
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#endif
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Returns the change time for file (that is, the time directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
File.new("testfile").ctime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
static VALUE
rb_file_ctime(VALUE obj)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
struct stat st;
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
}
return stat_ctime(&st);
}
Locks or unlocks a file according to locking_constant (a logical or of the values in the table below). Returns false if File::LOCK_NB is specified and the operation would otherwise have blocked. Not available on all platforms.
Locking constants (in class File):
LOCK_EX | Exclusive lock. Only one process may hold an | exclusive lock for a given file at a time. ----------+------------------------------------------------ LOCK_NB | Don't block when locking. May be combined | with other lock options using logical or. ----------+------------------------------------------------ LOCK_SH | Shared lock. Multiple processes may each hold a | shared lock for a given file at the same time. ----------+------------------------------------------------ LOCK_UN | Unlock.
Example:
# update a counter using write lock # don't use "w" because it truncates the file before lock. File.open("counter", File::RDWR|File::CREAT, 0644) {|f| f.flock(File::LOCK_EX) value = f.read.to_i + 1 f.rewind f.write("#{value}\n") f.flush f.truncate(f.pos) } # read the counter using read lock File.open("counter", "r") {|f| f.flock(File::LOCK_SH) p f.read }
static VALUE
rb_file_flock(VALUE obj, VALUE operation)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
int op[2], op1;
rb_secure(2);
op[1] = op1 = NUM2INT(operation);
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
op[0] = fptr->fd;
if (fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
rb_io_flush(obj);
}
while ((int)rb_thread_blocking_region(rb_thread_flock, op, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0) < 0) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
case EACCES:
#if defined(EWOULDBLOCK) && EWOULDBLOCK != EAGAIN
case EWOULDBLOCK:
#endif
if (op1 & LOCK_NB) return Qfalse;
rb_thread_polling();
rb_io_check_closed(fptr);
continue;
case EINTR:
#if defined(ERESTART)
case ERESTART:
#endif
break;
default:
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
}
}
return INT2FIX(0);
}
Same as IO#stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66 f = File.new("link2test") f.lstat.size #=> 8 f.stat.size #=> 66
static VALUE
rb_file_lstat(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
rb_io_t *fptr;
struct stat st;
VALUE path;
rb_secure(2);
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
if (lstat(RSTRING_PTR(path), &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
}
return stat_new(&st);
#else
return rb_io_stat(obj);
#endif
}
Returns the modification time for file.
File.new("testfile").mtime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
static VALUE
rb_file_mtime(VALUE obj)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
struct stat st;
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
}
return stat_mtime(&st);
}
Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.
File.new("testfile").path #=> "testfile" File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"
static VALUE
rb_file_path(VALUE obj)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
fptr = RFILE(rb_io_taint_check(obj))->fptr;
rb_io_check_initialized(fptr);
if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
return rb_obj_taint(rb_str_dup(fptr->pathv));
}
Returns the size of file in bytes.
File.new("testfile").size #=> 66
static VALUE
rb_file_size(VALUE obj)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
struct stat st;
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
if (fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
rb_io_flush(obj);
}
if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
}
return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size);
}
Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.
File.new("testfile").path #=> "testfile" File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"
static VALUE
rb_file_path(VALUE obj)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
fptr = RFILE(rb_io_taint_check(obj))->fptr;
rb_io_check_initialized(fptr);
if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
return rb_obj_taint(rb_str_dup(fptr->pathv));
}
Truncates file to at most integer bytes. The file must be opened for writing. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w") f.syswrite("1234567890") #=> 10 f.truncate(5) #=> 0 f.close() #=> nil File.size("out") #=> 5
static VALUE
rb_file_truncate(VALUE obj, VALUE len)
{
rb_io_t *fptr;
off_t pos;
rb_secure(2);
pos = NUM2OFFT(len);
GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
if (!(fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE)) {
rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "not opened for writing");
}
rb_io_flush(obj);
#ifdef HAVE_FTRUNCATE
if (ftruncate(fptr->fd, pos) < 0)
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#else /* defined(HAVE_CHSIZE) */
if (chsize(fptr->fd, pos) < 0)
rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#endif
return INT2FIX(0);
}